In concluding the group discussion, Dr. Redd reiterated that behavioral intervention is a rich tool. It is not merely a superficial manipulation of behavior, but is instead a dialogue, a two-way process in which both the psychologist and the patient play an active and creative part. Sometimes one must reassure the patient that, in using behavioral intervention, one is not trying to imply that the pain is not real, that it is all in the patient's head. The therapist must emphasize that he or she does believe that the pain is real and that the use of behavioral intervention will not be accompanied by a removal of pain medications; that it is just added help. The family of the patient must be reassured in the same way. Finally, it is also vitally important that the care provider never jeopardizes the dignity of the patient, and never damages his or her self-esteem, no matter how disruptive or difficult the patient may be.