4.2 Physical Modalities
Physical modalities include cutaneous stimulation, immobilization,
transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS), and acupuncture (Lee, Itoh, Yang,
et al., 1990). Their use may decrease the need for pain-reducing drugs, but
they should not be used as substitutes for medication. These modalities should
be introduced early to treat generalized weakness and deconditioning as well as
aches and pains associated with periods of inactivity and immobility related to
cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Acute and Postherpetic Neuralgia
Cutaneous Stimulation
Counterstimulation
TENS
Acupuncture
Distraction and Reframing
Pastoral Counseling
Nonpharmacologic Methods (Children)
Index