4.2.3.1 TENS
TENS is a method of applying controlled, low-voltage electrical stimulation to
large, myelinated peripheral nerve fibers via cutaneous electrodes for the
purpose of modulating stimulus transmission and relieving pain. Research on
TENS therapy in patients with cancer is limited to single-group studies and
case reports (Avellanosa and West, 1982; Bauer, 1983). A meta-analysis of
studies of TENS therapy in postoperative patients (Ballantyne, Chalmers,
Mosteller, et al., in press) found that both TENS and sham TENS significantly
reduced pain intensity; no significant differences were found between the two
for either analgesic use or pain intensity. These results suggest that, just as
with some other interventions, part of the efficacy of TENS can be attributed
to a placebo effect. Patients with mild pain may benefit from a trial of
TENS.
Physical Modalities
Counterstimulation
Acupuncture
Psychotherapy and Structured Support
Hypnosis
Peer Support Groups
Pastoral Counseling
Plexopathy
Index